褰???浣?缃??缃?绔?棣?椤?/a> > ?伴?诲?ㄦ?? > 琛?涓?瑕???/a>
?稿伐涓?浜?涓?????绌舵???镐?杈?灏?瀹??ㄥ?浼?????
?ユ?锛????? 浣???锛???浜у???? ??甯??堕??/span>锛?2017骞?6??05??/p>
涓????虹??ヨ?
1??浠?涔????у?????锛?
?у?????????灏?绾垮?浜轰????у??介???笺????浣?涓烘??????绠?绉版????
2??浠?涔????告?跺????锛?
?告?跺?????????电?杈?灏???涓???涓?浣?绉???涓????╄川???昏?介???や互璇ヤ?绉???璐ㄩ?????????告?跺??????SI??浣????﹁?虫?????锛??虫??????
3??浠?涔???????褰???锛?
????褰??????介??杈?灏???浣?涓?娴???濮???浼?锛?International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, ICRU锛?浣跨?ㄧ??涓?涓?????缁?缁?涓????瑰???????褰???????瑰????告?跺??????杈?灏???璐ㄥ???板???朵?淇?????扮??涔?绉???
4??浠?涔???????锛?
????????涓?瀵硅薄???ュ???????告?垛????杈?灏???涓?绉???搴︺???规???璞′???锛?瀹???互???告?跺???????ㄥ???????褰???????????????????寰?绉??????????寰?绉?????????绛???
5??浠?涔????????娴?锛?
?????娴????涓?涓??哄??????ㄦ病??姹℃??涔???杩?琛???????????肩??娴???
6??浠?涔????惧??ф???锛?
???剁???涓???瀹?瀹?灏?绾垮??澶╃?舵?惧??х?╄川??????杈?灏??荤О??浜虹被???朵??讳??ㄦ?ュ??????绉?澶╃?跺?绾跨???у?锛?濡?瀹?瀹?灏?绾匡?瀛??ㄤ???澹ゃ??宀╃?炽??姘村??澶ф?涓???绯汇????绯诲???惰“??瀛?浣?????40绛?澶╃?舵?惧??х?╄川???у?锛?杩?浜?澶╃?跺?绾夸骇?????у?灏辨??ぉ?舵???杈?灏???
7??浠?涔????惧??ф?哥?锛?
?锋???惧??х???哥?琚?О涓烘?惧??ф?哥????惧??ф?哥???灏??烘?惧?绾垮??灏??????扮????浣?绱?锛??板??浣?绱????芥???惧??у??浣?绱?锛?涔????芥??ǔ瀹???浣?绱?锛???杩?涓?杩?绋???绉颁负?惧??ц“????
8????瀛?????瀛??哥???烘???ц川
??瀛??卞甫姝ｇ?佃?风????瀛??稿???寸???瀛??告??杞?甫璐??电???稿??靛???缁?????姣?涓?绉???瀛?瀵瑰?涓?绉???瀛﹀??绱???
??瀛??哥?卞甫姝ｇ?佃?风??璐ㄥ???涓?甯︾?电??涓??????锛???瀛??搁??涓????瀛????ㄩ?ㄦ??佃?枫??
9??浠?涔?????浣?绱?锛?
?锋???稿????瀛?搴??颁?璐ㄩ???颁??????哥?锛??ㄥ?ㄦ??琛ㄤ腑?????稿????浣?缃??绉颁负??浣?绱???
10??浠?涔?????瀛??歌“?????惧??э?
?ㄦ??澶???褰卞??涓?锛???瀛??歌?????板????杞??????拌薄绉颁负??瀛??哥??琛板????涓?绋冲???瀛??歌?????板????琛板??锛??惧??何辩?瀛???尾绮?瀛???纬??瀛?涓???涓?绉?????绉?锛?杩?绉??拌薄灏辫?绉颁负??瀛??稿?锋???惧??с??
11??浠?涔????歌???????????斤?
璐ㄩ??杈?灏????搁??杩??稿??搴?????璐ㄩ??杈?澶х??杩?绋?绉颁负?歌???????充袱涓?交??瀛??革?褰㈡??涓?涓??????瀛??搞??濡?姘???姘???????姘︺????????搴?璺?瑁?????搴?涓??凤??ㄥ舰????瀛??告?跺??浼??惧?虹????斤????惧?鸿?介??锛?灏辨???????姐??澶??宠?藉氨???ユ?浜??歌??????搴???????锛?浜轰滑瀵瑰???ф?歌??????搴?????绌惰?藉凡??寰?涓?瀹???灏憋?浣?绂诲???搴????瀹??拌????????涓????佃????稿???璺?绂汇??
12??浠?涔????歌?????瑁????斤?
?歌?????????瀛?濡???-235??涓??杞板?绘?朵骇????瑁??拌薄锛????朵即????涓??????灏???杩?涓??绋?浜х??澶ч?????介??锛?灏辨??????姐?????????哥?电??介??灏辨???ユ?浜??歌?????搴???
13??浠?涔????歌?斤?
?歌?芥????杩???瀛??稿??搴???琛板???????惧?烘?ョ???介?????歌?借??ゃ???虫补??澶╃?舵????ц?峰???瀛﹁?界????瀛﹀??搴?涓?涓??凤???瀛﹁?界???峰?杩?绋?涓??????瀛????扮?????瀹?浠????靛????板??甯???缁???锛???韩??瀛??稿苟娌℃??????????锛????歌?戒骇????杩?绋?锛???瀛??稿????浜?????锛???瀛?????浜??︿?绉???瀛?锛?涓??????ョ????瀛?浜???
濡?姘㈡????э?
2H2 (2涓?阿姘???瀛?) +O2 锛?1涓?哀姘???瀛?锛???2H2O锛?2涓?按??瀛?锛?+ ?介??
杩?灏辨?????惧??瀛﹁?界??杩?绋?锛?涓?????瀛??告??韩??????????
14??浠?涔?????琛版??锛?
??琛版???????惧??у??瀛??告?拌“???板???ユ?扮????????????堕?淬??瀹????惧??ф?哥???涓?涓??瑰?甯告?帮?涓?浼???澶??ㄥ??绱????瑰????
15??浠?涔????????灏?锛?
?惧??ф?哥??ㄥ??浣??堕?村??????琛板?????哥???扮???绉颁负?惧??ф椿搴︼?瀹?????浣?????璐?????灏?锛??虫?绉?涓?娆¤“????
16??浠?涔???????锛?
???????灏???????浣?锛????告?跺????绛????介????浣??讹?SI锛???浣?涓??ㄥ??绉帮??ㄧ???y琛ㄧず锛????绉颁负????1??[??]=1????/???????告?跺???????╃?????????褰?杈?灏?涓??╄川?镐?浣??ㄦ?讹?琚??灏??╄川?告?惰?灏??介????澶?灏???瀹????灏??叉?や腑???烘????????瀛︽?蹇碉????ㄤ?浠讳?绫诲?????电?杈?灏???浠讳?琚??灏?杈??х???╄川锛????ㄤ?????澶?杈??с???跺?涔????琚???浣?璐ㄩ???╄川?告?剁??浠讳?????寸?电?杈?灏???骞冲???介????
17???伴?绘?ラ??涓??甯告???扮??甯?娌??规???涔?????锛?
甯?娌??规???灏???????浣?锛????????????????????绛????介????浣??讹?SI锛???浣?涓??ㄥ??绉帮??ㄧ??疯?浣?Sv锛????绉颁负甯???
1甯?[娌???=1????/????
褰????????ㄦ?ユ??杩颁汉浣????拌?灏?杈??ф?剁???卞?绋?搴︼???互????涓???绉?绫汇??涓????藉??浠ュ??涓???杈??ф?′欢??瀵艰?寸?????╂??搴???宸?????跺?涔????杈?灏??ㄤ汉浣??ㄥ???缁?缁???浜х????骞冲???告?跺????涓?杈?灏???????瀛???涔?绉???褰??????????剧?ㄥ??浣??峰???
????褰??????褰???????瀵煎?虹??锛?瀹???汉浣???缁?缁????ㄥ???褰???????涔?浠ョ?稿???缁?缁???????瀛???????锛?涔?灏辨???锛?瀹???韩浣???缁?缁????ㄥ??????????????告?跺????涔?????瀹???互?ㄦ?ュ?涓???杈?灏??????琛?瀹?????姣?杈?锛?浣?涓??界?ㄦ?ュ?杈?灏??у?瀵艰?寸?????╂??搴???杈?灏??遍?╁害杩?琛??存?ョ??璇?浠枫??
浜????歌?戒??告???????/b>
1???稿??搴??????烘??伐浣????????涔?锛?
?????哥?电?浣跨?ㄧ????????????????瑕??充娇杩?浜??哥???????惧?鸿?介??锛???瑕??ㄤ腑瀛?杞板?绘?哥????????瀛??革?浣夸?浜х???歌??????ㄥ?????歌??????跺??锛???瀛??镐????惧?哄法澶х???介??锛????朵????惧?轰腑瀛?锛???杩?浜?涓????浼?寮?璧锋?扮???哥??????瀛??稿????瑁???骞堕???惧?轰腑瀛?锛?浠???褰㈡????璋????惧?瑁?????搴????稿??搴???灏辨???╃?ㄨ?绉??惧?瑁?????搴?锛?浠ュ???х???瑰?灏??哥??????瀛??镐腑???介?????惧?烘?ュ苟??浠ュ?╃???渚?濡????碉???瑁?缃???
2???哥?电?濡?浣?宸ヤ?锛?
?哥?电?锛?涔?绉版?哥?靛??锛??╃?ㄦ?稿??搴?????浜х???????芥?ュ???点??涓????电?涓?????????哥?电???????????????锛???涓????ゅ??澶╃?舵?绛????崇??????????涓?涓??哥?电?甯哥?ㄧ???稿??搴???????姘村????娌告按??????姘村????姘??峰??浠ュ??蹇???绛?锛??朵腑???ㄦ??骞挎???????姘村????娌告按????
?や?绉﹀北涓????哥?电????ㄧ??????姘村??涔?澶?锛????界?????ㄨ?琛????ㄥ缓???哥?电??芥?????ㄥ??姘村?????ユ???宀??哥?电????ㄧ????哺姘村????
??姘村???哥?电???涓や釜??璺???ㄥ??搴???涓???杩??歌???浜х?????????变???璺????峰?村??甯﹀?拌?告苯?????ㄤ????????渚э???杩???氦?㈠?????浼???缁??告苯?????ㄤ??????澶?渚т???浜х???告苯锛????告苯??椹卞?ㄦ苯杞????垫?哄???点??
娌告按???哥?电?????涓?涓???璺???冲?ㄥ??搴???涓???杩??歌???浜х?????????ㄥ??搴???涓?骇???告苯锛??跺???存?ヨ????版苯杞????垫?哄???点??
?哥?电????╃?ㄤ?搴ф????搴у?ㄥ????搴?????浜х???????芥?ュ???垫?????靛?间??????稿?ㄥ??璁炬?姐????搴??????哥?电????抽???澶?锛??稿?浜????靛???????х??锛?浣??ㄧ?????????????ㄩ???舵?????哥?????ㄥ??搴??????????р??锛??冲?????歌?????搴?锛?浜х??澶ч?????藉苟?ㄥ?ㄥ???垫?烘??杞???靛氨婧?婧?涓????颁骇???烘?ワ?骞堕??杩??电????板???㈠???广??????涓???涓??哥?电?甯哥?ㄧ????搴???????姘村????娌告按??????姘村????姘??峰????蹇???绛???
涓???绫诲?????稿??搴?????浠?涔??圭?癸?
??姘村?????ㄤ?娴?搴︿?姘у????浣???????楂???姘翠??㈠???????峰?村??锛???????涓???涓???涓烘??????????锛???姘村??浠ラ??姘翠??㈠????锛????ㄥぉ?堕??浣?????锛?娌告按?????ㄤ?娴?搴︿?姘у????浣?????锛?娌歌?炬按浣??㈠???????峰?村??锛?蹇??????ㄩ????楂?娴?搴﹂??浣?????锛?涓????ㄦ恫????灞???浣??峰?村??锛?涓??ㄦ?㈠??????
3???稿??搴??????浣??у?剁??锛?
?稿??搴???涓??哥??????瀛??哥??瑁???锛?????杩?涓??杞板?诲?璧风??锛?娌℃??涓????杞板?伙?灏变????芥??澶ч????瀛??哥??瑁???????姝わ???互??杩?璋???涓???伴???ヨ揪?拌?????瀛??歌?????瑙?妯★?浠???杈惧?拌????稿??搴???????????????
璋???涓?????伴??锛?????杩?绉诲?ㄦ?у?舵??ュ??扮?????у?舵??遍????纰冲??纭肩????告?朵腑瀛????????舵????濡???灏??у?舵????ュ??搴??????哥??????锛????告?剁??涓??澶?锛?瑁?????搴???瑙?妯″氨浼???灏?锛???搴???????灏变?涓???锛?濡???灏??у?舵?浠???搴??????哥?????哄??澶??藉?猴????告?剁??涓??灏?锛?瑁?????搴???瑙?妯″氨浼?澧???锛???搴???????灏变?涓?????褰???搴?????????涓????版??瑕?姹???绋?搴︽?讹?????褰????ユ?у?舵?锛?浣垮?告?剁??涓???伴????涓??浠???浣垮??搴?????????淇????ㄤ?涓?ǔ瀹???姘村钩??
4??姘??峰??缁???浜????涓???灞??舵?锛?
澶╃?堕??姘??峰?????硅???姘??峰????楂?娓╂??峰????
5??姘村?峰????互??涓哄???绉?绫诲??锛?
??姘村????娌告按??????姘村????
6??涓轰?涔?璇存?哥?垫???娲??芥?锛?
???宠?芥?锛??ゃ???虫补??澶╃?舵?绛?锛?????????瑕?浜夸?骞达?浜虹被澶ц?妯″?板????╃?ㄤ娇涔??ヨ????锛?浜虹被蹇?椤诲??炬?拌?芥?浠ユ弧瓒虫?ョ??澧??????芥?瑕?姹?锛??歌?芥?????蜂?绉??板?磋?芥???
???????靛???ㄧ???х?????朵骇??澶ч?????板?锛????惧ぇ????浜?姘у??纰炽??涓?姘у??纰炽??浜?姘у??纭???姘?哀???┿??姹?绛???瀹虫??姣??╄川??浜?姘у??纰虫??俯瀹ゆ??搴??????讹?浜?姘у??纭???姘?哀???╂???????搁?ㄧ??涓昏???????灏辨?娲??ц??瑷?锛??哥?靛??????褰卞?????灏???锛??哥?电??浜т?浼?浜х??褰卞??绌烘???浜?姘у??纭???姘?哀?????╁??棰?绮??╃?姹℃???╋?娌℃??浜?姘у??纰崇?姹℃??姘?浣????撅?涓????电??告?锛??存???╀?淇??ょ?????
?规?????涓????哥?电??藉???缁?璁¤???琛ㄦ??锛??界?舵?哥?电???璧??????浜????ょ?靛??锛?浣????变??哥?????????捐??浣?浜????ゆ?????涓????????挎??璧蜂??ㄧ????绱?锛?浣垮??????哥?电????诲???垫?????浜????ょ?靛??锛?璇存???哥?垫???绉?楂?????缁?娴????芥???
?歌?界???╃?ㄥ??灏?浜????宠?芥???娑???锛?涓??峰?澶ц?妯″??灞?????????缁?娴??虹???绉?????灞??歌?藉?ㄧ?瑙ｆ俯瀹ゆ??搴???婊¤冻浜虹被?芥???姹??????讹?涔?????ょ???????????????寰?锛?宸茬???涓哄?介??涓????????辫???
7??浠?涔????稿???甯歌?宀?锛?
涓??告???崇?????挎?荤О?稿???甯歌?宀???涓昏?寤虹??╀负姹借疆?哄???裤??
8???哥?靛????????稿???锛?
?哥?电???浜х????搴??╁??涓轰?绫伙?浣??惧??у??╋?涓??惧??у??╁??楂??惧??у??┿??浣??惧??у??╁???????拌交寰?薄?????烘恫浣?锛?涓??惧??у??╂???哥?电????烘恫浣?搴??╋?濡??ㄨ?????搴?????浠躲???朵欢绛?锛?楂??惧??у??╂??涔?????缁?澶??????╀???搴??┿??锛?涔???????????娣卞害宸茶揪?拌?璁″?告??????锛?浠???涓??稿?轰?涓????ㄨ???搴???涓?娇?ㄧ???哥????缁?浠??充?????缁?浠?涓????哥???????朵腑??????????扮????????瑁????哥??????ㄥ?????????哥???璁稿?瑁???浜х?╁??瓒?????绱???锛?
9??浠?涔????哥?靛????绾垫繁?插尽锛?
绾垫繁?插尽????版?镐?杈?灏?瀹??ㄧ??涓?椤瑰?烘????????绾垫繁?插尽???????璐?交浜?瀹??ㄦ???崇???ㄩ?ㄦ椿????????缁?缁???浜哄??琛?涓烘????璁捐????崇???归???浠ヤ?璇?杩?浜?娲诲?ㄥ??缃?????????界???插尽涔?涓?锛??充娇??涓?绉?????????锛?瀹?灏??遍??褰??????芥?㈡???琛ュ?挎??绾?姝ｃ???ㄦ?翠釜璁捐???杩?琛?涓?疮褰荤旱娣遍?插尽锛?浠ヤ究瀵圭?卞????璁惧???????浜哄??娲诲?ㄥ????澶?浜?浠剁?寮?璧风????绉???????棰?璁¤?琛?浜?浠跺??浜?????渚?澶?灞?娆＄??淇??ゃ??
?哥?靛????瀹??ㄧ???锛?濮?缁??靛惊瀹??ㄧ?涓?锛?璐ㄩ??绗??锛?棰??蹭负涓荤???烘???归????
?介????瀛??芥?烘????甯??????哥?靛?????烘????ㄥ?????? ??瀹??界旱娣遍?插尽姒?蹇垫??负浜?瀵规??ㄧ??浜轰负宸??????烘?????杩?琛?寮ヨˉ锛??稿?????渚?澶?灞?淇??わ??????缃????灞???浠ラ?叉??惧??х?╄川???ョ?????瀹?杩??????ㄨ?浜?灞???涓??藉??ㄥ????朵负淇??ゅ?????????????卞???杩?涓?姝ラ?????????姐????
绾垫繁?插尽???ㄤ??????规?锛?璇ュ??????搴??ㄧ???︿??归?㈡???ㄨ?璁′腑璁剧疆涓?绯诲????瀹?浣?灞???锛?浠ュ??瀹硅?瀹??哄?????惧??х?╄川????蹇?椤荤??瀹?浣?灞???锛?浠ュ??瀹硅?瀹??哄?????惧??х?╄川??灏卞?稿????姘村?峰??搴?????瑷?锛?杩?浜?灞??????芥???????轰?????????澹炽????搴????峰?村??绯荤?????杈圭????瀹??ㄥ３??瀵瑰??朵???????????绯荤?锛?搴???澶?蹇?瑕???澶??ㄧ郴缁?锛?姣?濡?澶卞?诲??澶??垫?????瑕??存补?哄?ㄩ?ㄥ?????????讹?搴???澶???棰?澶???澶??ㄥ???电郴缁???
涓????镐?杈?灏?瀹???/b>
1???歌?灏?浼?涓?浼?浼???锛?
浜哄???颁??惧??х?╄川???у???浼ゅ???????繁锛?浣???繁涓????惧?婧?锛?涓?浼?瀵逛?浜洪?????卞????ら?????惧??х?╄川榛??ㄨ韩涓?锛?浠????ヨЕ?板??汉锛???汉??浼????颁激瀹炽??
2???村???村肪???ｇ僵???﹁?介?茶?灏????
2???村???村肪???ｇ僵???﹁?介?茶?灏????
濡??????绉??惧??х?╄川?ㄧ┖姘???浠ユ?ュ???ф?浣?瀛??????浠??村?ｇ僵?瑰??????ㄥ?ｇ僵锛?????娲绘?х???ｇ僵锛?????????锛?浣?瀵圭?肩?????叉?や?璧蜂??ㄣ??
3??浠?涔????灏??叉?わ?
杈?灏??叉?ゆ????绌朵??や汉绫伙?绯绘???ㄤ汉绫汇???朵腑???ㄥ????涓??????浠ュ??浠?浠?????浠ｏ???????灏???杈?灏??卞???搴??ㄥ?绉?锛????朵害???ㄤ?淇??や汉绫诲??????灏介??灏???杈?灏??卞???瑕?姹??????姐????娈靛???规???杈?灏??????电?杈?灏????电?杈?灏????ㄦ?搁???锛?杈?灏??叉?や????电?杈?灏??叉?ゃ??
4?????芥?稿??ㄥ??杈?灏????绠＄???归?㈢??涓昏????芥???涔?锛?
寮哄???镐?杈?灏?瀹??ㄧ??绠★??歌??藉???告??????ㄥ??浣?娉ㄩ???镐?杈?灏?瀹??ㄧ???锛???绾х????ㄩ?ㄥ??寮轰?瀵规?歌??藉???告??????ㄩ」?????ュ父瀹??ㄧ??绠°??杩?琛??哥?靛??????绌跺?????哥????寰?????姐???惧??х?╄川杩?杈????惧??у??╄串瀛???澶???澶?缃???藉??ㄨ?琛?锛?????????涓?绾т互涓???瀹??ㄤ?浠舵??浜???锛??ㄥ缓?歌??界??寤洪??璐ㄩ??寰??版?????у?躲??
??寮鸿?灏??????娴?锛??藉?杈?灏??????娴?缃?绗???瑰?芥?х?规???ヨ?琛?锛?涓昏??????ㄩ???瑰??甯?璁剧疆浜?杈?灏???????ㄧ??娴?绔?锛??ㄩ??瑕?娴??????界??娌虫???楗??ㄦ按婧????颁?姘淬??杩?宀告捣??娴锋按璁剧疆浜?姘翠???娴??癸?璁剧疆???扮??娴??广????澹ょ??娴??广???电?杈?灏???娴??癸??ㄩ???规?镐?杈?灏?璁炬?藉?ㄥ?磋?缃??稿??ㄩ?璀︾?广??
濡ュ??澶???澶?缃??惧??у??╋???璧?寤鸿???甯??惧??у??╁?锛?骞跺????版?惰串???惧?婧????惧??у??╄?琛???缁?澶?缃???
5???介???烘????ㄦ?????????????间富瑕??????锛?
???????兼???藉?????纭????浣夸釜浜烘?????扮????????????褰???????涓?寰?瓒?杩????笺??
?介???烘????ㄦ??????????????/font> | ||
????????/font> | 5骞村钩???? 锛?姣??/骞达? | 浠?骞存??楂???锛?姣??/骞达? |
??涓??у? | 20 | 50 |
????у? | 1 | 5 |
娉????涓??у??????や??藉????虫?瑙????????????ょ???у?浠ュ???规???藉????虫?瑙???????浜?浠ヨ?????瀹?璺垫??婧???浜х?????у?浠ュ?锛?宸ヤ?浜哄???ㄥ?跺伐浣?杩?绋?涓????????????у???????у??????????????????杈?灏?婧????у?锛??????峰????婧???瀹?璺垫??浜х?????у????ㄥ共棰????典????扮???у?锛?浣?涓???????涓??у????荤???у???褰??版?甯稿ぉ?舵???杈?灏????у??? | ||
6???镐???瀵逛汉浣??ュ悍浼????????褰卞??锛?
缁?楠?璇???锛??镐???涓?浠???????浜哄??杈?灏?浼ゅ?锛?杩???????骞挎???绀句???蹇???瀛﹀奖??锛?????翠汉浠????涓???绱?涔辩???冲?璧锋???????惧??х?插?炽??
7??浠?涔????灏?锛?杈?灏???绫诲???????锛?
杈?灏?????浠ョ?电?娉㈠??绮?瀛?锛?濡??垮?娉?绮?瀛???璐?濉?绮?瀛?绛?锛???褰㈠???澶?浼????介?????瑰???
?电?娉㈢??娉㈤?胯???翠?1×10-10寰?背??瀹?瀹?绾垮?版尝?胯揪??????????绾跨?垫尝??违灏?绾裤??X灏?绾裤??绱??绾裤?????????绾㈠?绾匡?瓒???尝???挎尝??绾跨?垫尝?藉?浜??电?娉㈢?????淬?????剁??涓???甯歌????电?娉㈡???变???娉㈤?跨??娉㈢?????????娉€?????剁??涓???涓????╀?锛????娓╁害?ㄧ?瀵规俯搴﹂?跺害浠ヤ?锛??戒互?电?娉㈢??褰㈠??跺?讳????板??澶?浼???????锛?杩?绉?杈?灏?绉颁负???灏???
??杈?灏??介????楂?浣????杈?灏???涓虹?电?杈?灏??????电?杈?灏???瀹?璺佃???锛?灏?????杈?灏??у?涓?浼??卞??浜虹被???ュ悍锛?杩?????杈?灏??у?浼?寮?璧峰?浜轰????卞???
8??浠?涔????电?杈?灏?锛?
??瀛??变?澶卞?荤?靛????峰??靛?????涓虹?瀛???杩?绋?绉颁负?电????ㄨ?灏??叉?ら???锛??电?杈?灏??????藉?ㄧ???╃?╄川涓?骇??绂诲?瀵圭??杈?灏?锛??????辩?存?ユ???存?ョ?电?绮?瀛????变袱??娣峰??缁?????浠讳?杈?灏????存?ョ?电?绮?瀛???韩甯︽???佃?凤?渚?濡??靛???伪绮?瀛???尾灏?绾裤??璐ㄥ?绛?锛??存?ョ?电?绮?瀛???????甯︾?电?瀛?锛?渚?濡???瀛???涓??绛???
9??浠?涔????歌?灏?锛?
?歌?灏?涔?甯哥О?惧??с??瀹?????瀛??镐?涓?绉?缁?????涓?绉??介???舵??杞???涓哄?︿?绉?缁??????︿?绉??介???舵???讹????惧?虹??寰??绮?瀛?娴???濡?X灏?绾裤??浼介┈灏?绾裤??涓??绛????歌?灏????绉??电?杈?灏???
10??浠?涔????灏??叉?わ?
杈?灏??叉?ゆ????涓??ㄧ??绌剁?电?杈?灏?瀵逛汉浣??卞???缁煎???у?绉???
?????镐?浜???搴???/b>
1????绠′?搴??ヤ?绯诲?浣?淇????????瀹????锛?
???界???镐???搴??ュ伐浣?瀹?琛??藉????版?瑰???哥?靛??锛??跺??歌??斤?涓?绾х???浣?绯伙?
a) ?藉??镐???搴??ュ??璋?濮???浼?
b) ?哥?靛??锛????跺??歌??斤????ㄧ??锛???不?恒???磋?甯?锛?浜烘??垮?璁剧??版?规?镐???搴??ュ???浼?
c) ?哥?靛??锛??跺??歌??斤??ヨ???浣?璁剧?搴??ユ???ラ??br /> 2??浠?涔????哥?靛???镐???锛?
?镐????????歌??芥?????告椿?ㄤ腑??????涓ラ????绂昏?琛?宸ュ?电???舵????杩?绉??舵??涓?锛????介????????浜哄?????版?惧???浼ゅ???惧??ф薄??锛?涓ラ???讹??惧??х?╄川娉?婕??板??澶?锛?姹℃???ㄥ?寸???锛?瀵瑰????ュ悍?????卞???
3???镐?????涔???绾э?
?镐?浠舵???涓????????锛??ヨ?界?瀛﹁?璇?骞跺?跺??哄?烘??????绫绘????锛??????╀?缁?涓?璁よ?锛?浠ヤ究杩??????跺?板????????ュ??镐?浠舵????浜????????????碉??存???╀???楂????瀵规?歌?界?????ュ???у??瀵规?镐?????澶?缃???涓烘?锛??介????瀛??芥?烘????缁?娴???浣???灞?缁?缁??跺?浜????介???镐?浠跺???惧?浜?浠跺??绾ц〃??锛?灏??镐?浠跺?卞??涓?绾с??琛ㄤ腑??缁??虹???ゆ???浠???富瑕????????朵腑杈?浣?绾у????1-3绾хО涓轰?浠讹?杈?楂?绾у????4-7绾хО涓轰???锛?0绾у?ㄥ??ㄤ?????瑕???涔?锛??充??虹?板??宸??娌℃??瓒??鸿?琛????煎???′欢锛????????褰???瑙?绋?寰??版?纭???绠＄????瀹???涓?0绾ф病????????-7绾ф?镐???涔?涓???
?ユ???宀?绗???哥?电?浜????ㄦ?╂??琚??涓?绾э???????搴????哥????妫??虹?扮????锛?澶ч???惧??х?╄川娉?婕??????撅???????灞?涓?绾с??6绾х?磋??绾с??
4??杩?浠?涓烘?锛?????浜?????稿?????哥?电??镐???锛?
??涓???宀??哥?靛???镐???????5绾с??
1979骞村?????ㄧ??戒???宀??哥?电?2?峰??姘村???虹?浜???锛????变?璁惧???????浜哄????浣?澶辫???寮?????锛?浜???????涓???涔?浜???蹇?????????涓ラ????姣?锛???50%??姘???瑁???浜х?╀?????涓????惧?烘?ワ?浣??变?瀹??ㄥ３????ソ淇??や???????惧??х?╄川?ㄩ?ㄥ??ㄥ??ㄥ３??锛?瀵瑰?????????浠讳?杈?灏?浼ゅ?锛?瀵圭?????褰卞??涔?寰??瓒抽??锛??ㄦ?哥?电??ㄥ??0??绫宠???村??锛????????????骞冲???间负0.015姣??娌??癸???
????灏?璇鸿??╂?哥?靛??浜???????7绾с??
1986骞村????????灏?璇鸿??╂?哥?靛??锛??板?涔????帮?4?风?冲ⅷ??????澶т???锛????变?杩?琛?浜哄??杩?绔???浣???杩?绉???????韩璁捐?缂洪?峰?????ㄤ?璧烽????????浜???瀵艰?村??蹇????????告苯??姘㈡????搞?????跨?村??锛?澶ч???惧??х?╄川?稿?ュぇ姘?锛??翠釜?????????颁???绋?搴︾??姹℃??????灏?璇鸿??╀?????锛?涓??????芥?哥?电??藉??寮轰?瀹??ㄧ??????硅?瀹??ㄨ?璁★???灏?璇鸿??╀娇?ㄧ????寮???搴???宸蹭???寤洪????
???ユ???宀??哥?电?浜???????7绾с??
绂?宀??哥?电???????涓???涓???澶х???哥?电?锛??辩?宀?涓?绔???绂?宀?浜?绔?缁???锛???0?版?虹?锛?涓?绔?6?帮?浜?绔?4?帮?锛???涓烘哺姘村???????ユ??ぇ?伴??褰卞??锛?绂?宀?绗???哥?电???????涓轰弗??锛?澶ч???惧??х?╄川娉?婕??板?????ユ???甯?绗???哥?电???1?峰??6?锋?虹?灏?姘镐?搴?寮???2011骞???12?ワ??ユ????瀛??藉??ㄤ?瀹??㈡?规???介???镐?浠跺??绾ц〃灏??镐???瀹?涓烘??楂?绾?绾с??
绂?宀??哥?电???????涓???涓???澶х???哥?电?锛??辩?宀?涓?绔???绂?宀?浜?绔?缁???锛???0?版?虹?锛?涓?绔?6?帮?浜?绔?4?帮?锛???涓烘哺姘村???????ユ??ぇ?伴??褰卞??锛?绂?宀?绗???哥?电???????涓轰弗??锛?澶ч???惧??х?╄川娉?婕??板?????ユ???甯?绗???哥?电???1?峰??6?锋?虹?灏?姘镐?搴?寮???2011骞???12?ワ??ユ????瀛??藉??ㄤ?瀹??㈡?规???介???镐?浠跺??绾ц〃灏??镐???瀹?涓烘??楂?绾?绾с??
5???镐???搴??ヨ????烘???浣???????锛?
搴??ヨ????哄???????规???歌??界??椋??╁ぇ灏????ㄥ?寸???蜂??′欢杩?琛???锛??剁??????负浜??ㄤ????????惰?藉???躲???????伴????淇??ゅ??????叉?よ?涓恒??
?规???灏??у?????寰?锛?搴??ヨ????哄??涓轰袱绉?锛???缇藉??ヨ????猴?涓昏???瀵瑰ぇ姘????炬???靛???缇界?у???寰????叉?よ??纭??????缇藉??ヨ????轰?????????涓哄????澶?涓ゅ?猴??ㄥ???鸿?瑕???濂介??叉?ф?ょ?????澶?锛???澶??鸿???濂介???界????澶?椋??ュ??ヨ????猴?涓昏?????瀵归??╅?句骇???????у???寰????叉?よ??纭??????
?藉????镐?杈?灏?瀹??ㄧ???妗??跺??/font>
????012骞村??锛??藉??镐?杈?灏?瀹??ㄧ????舵???惧?涓?锛?
6???镐?????杈?灏??у?瀵瑰?ュ悍???????ユ?у奖???????锛?
褰?杈?灏?????瓒?杩?涓?瀹????兼?讹?灏卞???藉?虹?版?ユ?у奖??锛?姣?濡????ょ孩?????卞??绛?褰??????哥?电?浜????讹????翠汉??????濮???搴?浜哄??浠ュ???哥?电?宸ヤ?浜哄???????藉???伴???????杈?灏?骞跺甫?ユ?ユ?у奖??锛??朵???????????版?绫婚??????у??????芥?у井涔??跺井??
7???镐?????杈?灏??у?棰?璁″??甫?ュ????挎??褰卞??锛?
???扮?电?杈?灏????戒?澧????ｇ??????椋??╋?浣??ㄥ?ㄨ韩杈?灏???浣?浜?100姣??娌??规?讹?娴?琛???瀛︾??绌惰〃???????版???剧??杈?灏??寸????搴???
8???镐????跺????????????瑕??????卞????琛????
浜轰滑???介??????涓昏??叉?よ??ㄥ氨???垮???у???绂昏?灏?婧???杩???浜轰滑??复??楂????у?椋??╋?璺?绂昏?杩?椋??╄?浣?????姝ゅ?????镐????讹?浼?寤鸿????????卞????琛??ㄥ?娑???浜????扮?归??杩?浜哄???ょ??????ｆ???????姐??
9???????解?????????涔?锛?
?????镐?????锛????芥????瑕?姹?浜哄??????浜?瀹ゅ??锛??抽???ㄧ?????椋?绯荤?锛?浠ユ????灏???缇斤?娌????帮?涓??惧??х?╄川???稿?ュ?????у?锛?骞跺??灏??ヨ???惧??ф?绉??╃??澶??у???
浜????稿?虫?寰?娉?瑙?
1?????芥?稿??ㄦ?寰?娉?瑙?浣?绯绘?????风??锛?
???芥?稿??ㄦ?寰?娉?瑙?浣?绯诲?????界??娉?寰?娉?瑙?浣?绯绘???稿???锛???涓哄?藉?娉?寰????藉?￠?㈡?′????ㄩ?ㄨ?绔????藉?娉?寰????寰?娉?瑙?????楂?灞?娆★??卞?ㄥ?戒汉澶у父濮?浼??瑰??锛??藉?涓诲腑浠ゅ??甯?锛??藉?￠?㈡?′????藉?￠?㈢??琛??挎?瑙?锛????寰?娉?瑙???绗??灞?娆★??卞?藉?￠?㈡?瑰??锛??藉?￠??护??甯?锛??ㄩ?ㄨ?绔????寰?娉?瑙???绗??灞?娆★??卞?藉?￠?㈠???ㄩ?ㄦ?瑰??????甯???姝ゅ?锛??稿??ㄩ?ㄩ?ㄨ??跺?涓??稿??ㄦ?????姹???琛??跨???瑙?瀹??稿?搴????????ч?ㄩ?ㄨ?绔?锛??????稿??ㄥ??????稿??ㄦ?瑙???????浠朵袱绉???
???芥?稿??ㄩ??瑕???娉?寰?娉?瑙??????锛?
????锛????芥?稿??ㄦ?寰?娉?瑙?宸插舰??浜?1娉?7?′????ュ共?ㄩ?ㄨ?绔???杈?涓哄??寸??浣?绯汇??姣?杈???瑕???????????惧??ф薄???叉不娉???????姘??ㄦ?歌??藉??ㄧ???ｇ????′????????哥?靛???镐???搴??ョ????′????????告????绠″?舵?′???????姘??ㄦ?稿??ㄨ?澶????ｇ????′????????惧??у??浣?绱?涓?灏?绾胯?缃???ㄥ???叉?ゆ?′????????惧??х?╁??杩?杈?瀹??ㄧ????′????????惧??у??╁??ㄧ????′???绛???
?蜂??剧ず濡?涓?锛?
2??淇????稿??ㄧ???介????害???稿?虫??浠舵?????锛?
????锛?涓??镐?杈?灏?瀹??ㄧ?稿?崇???介????害????浠朵富瑕??????稿??ㄥ??害??????涔?????绠＄??瀹??ㄥ???惧??у??╃???瀹??ㄨ??????害?????????╅???ユ?镐?????害???????镐?????杈?灏?绱ф?ユ?村?╁??害???????告????瀹??╀??ゅ??害???????舵??告????涓讳?琛?涓哄?介????害???????介???镐?浠跺??绾т娇?ㄦ????????
3???镐?杈?灏?瀹??ㄦ???崇????瑕??介???烘???????锛?
?镐?杈?灏?瀹??ㄦ???崇????瑕??介???烘?????介????瀛??芥?烘??锛?IAEA锛????介??杈?灏??叉?ゅ???浼?锛?ICRP锛???缁?娴???浣?涓???灞?缁?缁??歌?芥?烘??锛?OECD/NEA锛????????藉??瀛??借?灏???搴?绉?瀛﹀???浼?锛?UNSCEAR锛???IAEA???介????瀛??介??????垮??寸?瀛︽??????浣?缁?缁?锛????剁??绠″?板?哄??瀛?瀹??ㄥ??娴???妫??ワ?浜?1954骞?2???辩?9灞???澶ч??杩??宠?璁剧?锛?骞朵?19557骞?????绔?锛????????界??涓?涓???ㄦ?烘??锛??婚?ㄨ??ㄧ淮涔?绾炽??ICRP??韬???缓绔?浜?1928骞寸???介???惧?瀛﹀?浼?锛????瑰??涓哄?介??X灏?绾垮?????叉?ゅ???浼?锛?1950骞撮??缁?骞舵?逛负?板??锛??剁?涔﹀?璁惧?ㄧ???搞??OECD/NEA浜?1961骞寸?辩?娴???浣?涓???灞?缁?缁?浠?娆ф床缁?娴???浣?缁?缁???灞????ワ??歌?芥?烘???????涓?涓???ㄦ?烘??锛?璁句?宸撮???UNSCEAR浜?1955骞存?规????????13锛?X锛??宠???寤虹?锛?瀹??ㄦ??В?冲?ㄤ????虫敞???惧??у?浜虹被?ュ悍???????褰卞?????锛??剁?涔﹀?璁惧?ㄧ淮涔?绾炽??
4???稿??ㄦ?瑙?瀹??界?????撮?芥?????锛?
?????????
(1) ?稿?ㄥ????锛??哥?靛?????哥???靛?????镐????姹藉??绛?锛?锛?
(2) ?跺???搴???锛???绌跺????瀹?楠?????涓寸??瑁?缃??锛?锛?
(3) ?哥??????浜с????宸ャ??璐??????澶???璁炬?斤?
(4) ?惧??х?????绠＄??锛?
(5) 涓?汉????????娴??????????ュ悍?跺?电???锛?
(6) ?惧??у??╃??澶?????澶?缃???斤?
(7) ?镐???搴??ワ?
(8) ?告????????????浣跨?ㄣ????浜с???ㄥ???杩?杈???澶?缃??
(9) ?告?垮??璁惧?(璁捐????堕????瀹?瑁???浣跨????
5??浠?涔????稿?ㄥ?????ヨ???浣?锛?
?稿?ㄥ?????ヨ???浣????宠??峰????宸茶?峰??缁??ュ??杩?琛??稿?ㄥ????骞惰?璐ｆ?稿?ㄥ????瀹??ㄧ????浣???
?????稿??ㄦ????
1??浠?涔????稿??ㄦ????锛?
瀹??ㄦ????????ㄤ?缁?缁???涓?汉涓???绉?绉??规?у????搴︾???诲??锛?瀹?寤虹?涓?绉?瓒??轰???涔?涓???姒?蹇碉??虫?哥?靛??瀹??ㄩ????变?瀹?????瑕??ц?淇?璇?寰??板???????瑙?锛??变?瀹??ㄧ????瑕??э?蹇???淇?璇???瀹??惧?ㄦ??浼?????浣?缃????
?稿??ㄦ????绀烘????/font>
2??浠?涔????介???稿??ㄥ?ㄨ?缁?锛?INSAG锛?锛?
涓哄??寮哄?介????瀛??芥?烘???ㄤ?璇??哥?靛??瀹??ㄦ?归?㈢??浣?????介????瀛??芥?烘????璇锋?稿??ㄩ??????介???ュ??涓?瀹剁???浜????介???稿??ㄥ?ㄨ?缁???锛??朵富瑕?浠诲?℃????渚?涓?涓?俊??氦娴???骞冲?帮???绌跺?锋???介????涔????稿??ㄤ?椤癸????奸???ㄦ?稿??ㄧ??蹇点??
3??瀹??ㄦ??????瀹?璐ㄦ???涔?锛?
瀹?璐ㄦ???浣跨?缁???涓?汉瀵????虫敞瀹??ㄣ??INSAG?ㄣ????灏?璇鸿??╀?????瀹¤?浼????荤??ュ????涓??娆′娇?ㄤ?瀹??ㄦ????杩?涓???璇????????ョ???︿?浠芥?ュ?????哥?靛???烘????ㄥ??????涓??瀹??ㄦ????琚?己璋?涓哄?烘????绠＄????????杩?骞存?ワ??介????瀛??芥?烘???ㄢ????灞??告椿?ㄤ腑??瀹??ㄦ??????涓???瀵瑰??ㄦ??????瀹?璐ㄤ?浜??村????纭???瑙ｉ??锛?浠峰?艰???????????寰峰?????ュ??琛?涓虹??瑙?????缁?涓?浣???
4???稿??ㄦ?????????浣????
浜虹??澶辫???浜虹??杩?绔?缁?绉颁负??浜哄????璇?????瀹?璺电?璁¤〃??锛?璁惧??????虹?舵???璧锋?哥?典弗??浜?????????锛?浣??ㄦ?????????у凡寰??版?捐????楂??????典?锛?寮????哥?典弗??浜?????涓昏???????汉????璇?????跺ぇ????瀹?璺电?璁¤〃??锛??哥?电?50%浠ヤ???瀹??ㄩ??澶т?浠跺??浜?????寮?????绱?涔???汉????璇????稿??ㄦ????灏辨???歌?界????瀵逛弗???镐???杩?琛??荤??????虹???充??稿??ㄧ???版?蹇靛???颁妇????ㄤ互?叉?????灏?浜哄????璇?????瑙?骞跺??寮烘?稿??ㄦ????寤鸿?锛?灏变?甯︽?ヤ赴纭????稿??ㄦ??褰㈡????锛?蹇借??稿??ㄦ????寤鸿?锛?灏卞??朵?甯︽?ヤ?????涓ラ????????
5??瀹??ㄦ?????????缁????ㄥ??锛?
瀹??ㄦ????灏卞?惰〃?拌??瑷?锛??变袱涓?富瑕??归?㈢???锛?绗??????讹?绗????釜浜虹????搴????㈣?涔?锛?灏卞??ㄦ????棰?????瑷?锛??稿??ㄧ??瀹??板???充?涓ゆ?归?㈢????绱?锛?涓?涓????跨???绠＄???归?㈢???胯?涓??藉??锛??︿?涓????涓?汉??韩???胯?涓??藉????
6??瀵瑰??ㄧ????瑙?浣??板?ㄥ????归???
??绾х?缁???涓?汉?ㄦ????娲诲?ㄤ腑锛?瀵瑰??ㄧ????瑙?浣??板?ㄤ互涓????归???
????涓?汉??璇?锛?涓?汉瀵瑰??ㄩ??瑕??х??璁よ???
?????ヨ????藉??锛???杩??硅??????插??????峰???
?????胯?锛?瑕?姹?楂?绾х???灞??ㄨ??ㄤ??板??ㄧ??楂?搴︿????颁?锛?骞朵?瑕?姹??卞????瀹??ㄧ????琚?釜浜烘?ュ????
????婵??憋???杩?棰?瀵煎????????璁剧疆??濂??╂?哄?讹?浠ュ??涓?汉????????搴﹀??般??
???????э????????ュ??璇?浼版椿???浠ュ??瀵逛釜浜鸿川????搴︾?????跺??搴???
????璐ｄ换锛???杩?姝ｅ???宸ヤ?濮?娲俱??娓??扮????璐ｆ??杩板??涓?汉??姝ｇ‘??瑙ｅ??浠ヨ?藉???
7??浠?涔???汉????璇??
浜虹??澶辫???浜虹??杩?绔?缁?绉颁负??浜哄????璇?????瀹?璺电?璁¤〃??锛?璁惧??????虹?舵???璧锋?哥?典弗??浜?????????锛?浣??ㄦ?????????у凡寰??版?捐????楂??????典?锛?寮????哥?典弗??浜?????涓昏???????汉????璇?????跺ぇ????瀹?璺电?璁¤〃??锛??哥?电?50%浠ヤ???瀹??ㄩ??澶т?浠跺??浜?????寮?????绱?涔???汉????璇???
8??浠?涔?????ㄥ?璺电????瀹?涓??у?讹?
绠＄????纭???????稿??ㄧ?稿?虫椿?ㄥ?????ㄤ?涓ヨ皑??宸ヤ??规????ㄨ??ョ?缁??????剧??蹇?瑕??讹?瑕?姹???????浣?瀵逛骇??璐ㄩ??缁?浜?缁?涓?????瑙???淇?璇?璐ㄩ??????瑕??虹??????瀹??撮???ㄧ????浠朵?绯伙?涓????跨??ф??浠讹?涓??板?蜂?宸ヤ?绋?搴???杩?浜???浠剁??琛ㄨ堪娓??版??浜?锛?缁??????涓?娓?涔?澶?锛?骞跺舰??涓?濂?瀹??寸??绯诲????杩??ョ?缁???璐ㄤ?绯荤?瀵硅?浜???浠惰?琛?浠?缁?瀹℃?ャ??澶??稿??妫?楠?锛?骞堕??杩?姝ｅ?????寰???浠ユ?у?躲??杩??ヨ??纭????椤瑰伐浣???瑙?瀹??ц?锛?寤虹????ｅ???у?舵?哄?讹?淇?????搴????存???
9???稿??ㄦ????瑕?缁???????涓???灞??舵?锛?
?介????瀛??芥?烘???ㄢ????灞??告椿?ㄤ腑??瀹??ㄦ??????涓????轰??稿??ㄦ????????灞???绋?锛??虫?稿??ㄧ??瀹??板???涓?涓???灞??舵?锛?浠?寮?濮???琚??ㄦ?ュ??锛??板??浣?????韩瑕?姹???浠ヨ揪?帮????颁汉浜轰富?ㄥ??浠ュ???????姝わ??稿??ㄧ??瀹??版???涓??搴???椤垮????姝ユ??楂?????灞???绋?????绾ч?舵??充负绗???舵?锛??稿??ㄦ???轰?娉?寰?娉?瑙???瑙?瀹???瑕?姹?锛????绉?琚??ㄣ??缃??绠＄??????涓????稿????涓?骇?舵??崇?浜??舵?锛???ソ??瀹??ㄧ哗????涓哄??浣?????瀹??扮??????涔?涓?锛?涓?蹇?渚????ヨ????ㄧ??绠＄??瑕?姹???????锛?楂?绾ч?舵??崇?涓??舵?锛???浣????涓?涓??存???板??浠ユ?瑰??瀹??ㄧ哗????
璧ｅ???瀹?澶? 36012102000146??/a>